Walk enumeration conjecture for square non-zero recurrent configurations

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Let Dn,nD_{n,n} be the relevant complete bipartite graph with one sink, let Rec⋆(Dn,n)\mathsf{Rec}^{\star}(D_{n,n}) denote its recurrent configurations, and write u1,…,um+n−1u_1,\ldots,u_{m+n-1} for the heights at the non-sink vertices. Define

an={u∈Rec⋆(Dn,n):u1,…,um+n−1>0}.a_n=\left\{u\in\mathsf{Rec}^{\star}(D_{n,n}):u_1,\ldots,u_{m+n-1}>0\right\}.

Square non-zero configuration conjecture. The cardinality satisfies

an=1n−1(2n−2n)(2nn−2),a_n=\frac{1}{n-1}\binom{2n-2}{n}\binom{2n}{n-2},

and this is also the number of walks from (0,0)(0,0) to (0,1)(0,1) that remain in the upper half-plane y≥0y\geq0 and use 2n−32n-3 unit steps from {n,s,e,w}\{\mathsf{n},\mathsf{s},\mathsf{e},\mathsf{w}\}.

The conjecture proposes a closed enumeration of square non-zero recurrent configurations and identifies the same numbers with constrained planar walks. The paper gives no proof or resolution beyond stating the conjecture.

References

Primary source

Mark Dukes and Yvan Le Borgne, “Parallelogram polyominoes, the sandpile model on a complete bipartite graph, and a q,t-Narayana polynomial”, arXiv:1208.0024 (2013).

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