Walk enumeration conjecture for square non-zero recurrent configurations

Let Dn,nD_{n,n} be the relevant complete bipartite graph with one sink, let Rec(Dn,n)\mathsf{Rec}^{\star}(D_{n,n}) denote its recurrent configurations, and write u1,,um+n1u_1,\ldots,u_{m+n-1} for the heights at the non-sink vertices. Define

an={uRec(Dn,n):u1,,um+n1>0}.a_n=\left\{u\in\mathsf{Rec}^{\star}(D_{n,n}):u_1,\ldots,u_{m+n-1}>0\right\}.

Square non-zero configuration conjecture. The cardinality satisfies

an=1n1(2n2n)(2nn2),a_n=\frac{1}{n-1}\binom{2n-2}{n}\binom{2n}{n-2},

and this is also the number of walks from (0,0)(0,0) to (0,1)(0,1) that remain in the upper half-plane y0y\geq0 and use 2n32n-3 unit steps from {n,s,e,w}\{\mathsf{n},\mathsf{s},\mathsf{e},\mathsf{w}\}.

The conjecture proposes a closed enumeration of square non-zero recurrent configurations and identifies the same numbers with constrained planar walks. The paper gives no proof or resolution beyond stating the conjecture.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Mark Dukes and Yvan Le Borgne, “Parallelogram polyominoes, the sandpile model on a complete bipartite graph, and a q,t-Narayana polynomial”, arXiv:1208.0024 (2013).

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