Duncan–Steingrímsson's bistatistic equidistribution conjecture for 021-avoiding ascent sequences

An ascent sequence of length nn is a nonnegative integer sequence x=x1x2xnx=x_1x_2\ldots x_n with x1=0x_1=0 and xiasc(x1x2xi1)+1x_i\leq \operatorname{asc}(x_1x_2\ldots x_{i-1})+1 for 1<in1<i\leq n, where asc(x1x2xi1)\operatorname{asc}(x_1x_2\ldots x_{i-1}) is the number of ascents in the prefix. Let An(021)\mathcal{A}_n(021) be the set of ascent sequences avoiding the pattern 021021, and let Sn(132)S_n(132) be the set of permutations in SnS_n avoiding 132132. For a sequence xx, let rlm(x)\operatorname{rlm}(x) be the number of right-to-left minima, meaning indices ii such that xi<xjx_i<x_j for every j>ij>i. Duncan–Steingrímsson's conjecture. The bistatistic (asc,rlm)(\operatorname{asc},\operatorname{rlm}) has the same distribution over An(021)\mathcal{A}_n(021) and Sn(132)S_n(132). This refines the known equidistribution of the ascent statistic alone and relates two Catalan families; the source provides no resolution of the conjecture.

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Primary source

William Y. C. Chen, Alvin Y. L. Dai, Theodore Dokos, Tim Dwyer and Bruce E. Sagan, “On 021-Avoiding Ascent Sequences”, arXiv:1206.2849 (2012).

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