The indicator-function residue conjecture for prime tower factorizations

Let qq be the parameter defining the set Mc(q)M^c(q), let d(q)d(q) denote the density associated with this set, and let I(n)I(n) be the indicator function of the event nMc(q)n\in M^c(q). Define

f(s)=m=1I(m)ms,f(s)=\sum_{m=1}^{\infty}I(m)m^{-s},

where f(s)f(s) is understood as the analytic continuation of this Dirichlet series. Residue conjecture. The density complement satisfies

1d(q)=p prime[lims1+(11ps)m=0I(pm)pms]=lims1+p prime[(11ps)m=0I(pm)pms]1-d(q)=\prod_{p\ \operatorname{prime}}\left[\lim_{s\to1^+}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{p^s}\right)\sum_{m=0}^{\infty}\dfrac{I(p^m)}{p^{ms}}\right]=\lim_{s\to1^+}\prod_{p\ \operatorname{prime}}\left[\left(1-\dfrac{1}{p^s}\right)\sum_{m=0}^{\infty}\dfrac{I(p^m)}{p^{ms}}\right]

and

1d(q)=lims1+1ζ(s)m=1I(m)ms=lims1+(1s)m=1I(m)ms=Ress=1f(s).1-d(q)=\lim_{s\to1^+}\dfrac{1}{\zeta(s)}\sum_{m=1}^{\infty}\dfrac{I(m)}{m^s}=\lim_{s\to1^+}(1-s)\sum_{m=1}^{\infty}\dfrac{I(m)}{m^s}=\operatorname{Res}_{s=1}f(s).

The formula is intended to connect the density of integers excluded from the prime-tower set with the Euler product and the residue of the associated Dirichlet series; the authors explicitly leave the analytic details unproved, and no resolution is supplied.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Patrick Devlin and Edinah Gnang, “Primes Appearing in Prime Tower Factorization”, arXiv:1204.5251 (2014).

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