Rubinstein–Sarnak linear independence hypothesis for Dirichlet LL-functions

Fix a modulus qq, and consider the zeros of Dirichlet LL-functions attached to primitive characters modulo qq. For a zero ϱ=β+iγ\varrho=\beta+i\gamma, call γ\gamma its imaginary part. Linear Independence hypothesis (LI). The imaginary parts of the zeros of all Dirichlet LL-functions attached to primitive characters modulo qq are linearly independent over Q\mathbb{Q}. This hypothesis is used by Rubinstein and Sarnak in their analysis of prime-number races and the existence of limiting race distributions. It remains unproved in the source.

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Primary source

Greg Martin and Justin Scarfy, “Comparative prime number theory: A survey”, arXiv:1202.3408 (2012).

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