Kaczorowski's positive-density conjecture for prime-number races

Let kk be a modulus, let φ(k)\varphi(k) denote Euler's totient, and let a1,,aφ(k)a_1,\ldots,a_{\varphi(k)} be a permutation of the reduced residue classes modulo kk. Write π(m,k,a)\pi(m,k,a) for the number of primes up to mm congruent to aa modulo kk. Kaczorowski's conjecture. For each permutation a1,,aφ(k)a_1,\ldots,a_{\varphi(k)} of the reduced residue classes modulo kk, the set of integers mm such that

π(m,k,a1)<π(m,k,a2)<<π(m,k,aφ(k))\pi(m,k,a_1)<\pi(m,k,a_2)<\dots<\pi(m,k,a_{\varphi(k)})

has positive lower density. This predicts that every ordering of the prime-counting functions occurs with positive frequency. The source attributes the proposal to Kaczorowski and gives no resolution status.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Greg Martin and Justin Scarfy, “Comparative prime number theory: A survey”, arXiv:1202.3408 (2012).

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