Density Gap Conjecture for finite triangular-torus packings

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Let nn be a positive integer. An integer is a triangular lattice number if it has the form

n12+n1n2+n22n_1^2+n_1n_2+n_2^2

for integers n1,n2n_1,n_2. Let δΔ\delta_{\Delta} denote the maximal density of the triangular packing, so that

δΔ=π12.\delta_{\Delta}=\frac{\pi}{\sqrt{12}}.

Density Gap Conjecture. If n+1n+1 is a triangular lattice number but nn is not, then the most dense packing of nn equal disks in the triangular torus has density

δ=nn+1δΔ=nn+1π12,\delta=\frac{n}{n+1}\delta_{\Delta}=\frac{n}{n+1}\frac{\pi}{\sqrt{12}},

and this density is achieved only by the triangular packing with one disk removed.

The conjecture gives a finite-torus formulation of the solidity question: the density gap would rule out rearrangements improving on the one-disk-deleted triangular packing. The paper states that it implies Fejes Toth's conjecture and provides evidence, but no proof.

References

Primary source

Robert Connelly and William Dickinson, “Periodic Planar Disk Packings”, arXiv:1201.5965 (2013).

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