The generalized lock inequality for positive words

Let ww be a positive word of the form

w=aα1bβ1aαmbβm.w=a^{\alpha_1}b^{\beta_1}\cdots a^{\alpha_m}b^{\beta_m}.

Suppose that R(w,r,s)=p/qR(w,r,s)=p/q, where p/qp/q is reduced. Generalized lock inequality. Then

pqha(w)rhb(w)smq.\left|\frac{p}{q}-h_a(w)r-h_b(w)s\right|\leq \frac{m}{q}.

For the linear representation with a=Rra=R_r and b=Rsb=R_s, one has rot(w)=ha(w)r+hb(w)s\operatorname{rot}^\sim(w)=h_a(w)r+h_b(w)s; thus the conjecture asserts that extremal representations become closer to the linear representation as the denominator of R(w,r,s)R(w,r,s) increases. It generalizes the lock inequality and is supported by experimental evidence.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Danny Calegari and Alden Walker, “Ziggurats and rotation numbers”, arXiv:1110.0080 (2011).

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