The primitive-word and measure-preservation conjecture for free groups

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Let Fk\mathbf{F}_{k} be the free group of rank kk. A nontrivial word w∈Fkw\in\mathbf{F}_{k} is primitive if it belongs to some free basis. A finitely generated subgroup H≤FkH\le\mathbf{F}_{k} is measure preserving if, for every finite group GG, a uniformly random homomorphism αG ⁣:Fk→G\alpha_{G}\colon\mathbf{F}_{k}\to G restricts to a uniformly distributed element of Hom⁡(H,G)\operatorname{Hom}(H,G). Write H≤∗FkH\stackrel{*}{\le}\mathbf{F}_{k} when HH is a free-factor subgroup. The primitive-word and measure-preservation conjecture. For every w∈Fkw\in\mathbf{F}_{k},

w is primitive ⟺w is measure preserving.w\textrm{ is primitive }\Longleftrightarrow w\textrm{ is measure preserving}.

More generally, for H≤fgFkH\le_{\mathrm{fg}}\mathbf{F}_{k},

H≤∗Fk⟺H is measure preserving.H\stackrel{*}{\le}\mathbf{F}_{k}\Longleftrightarrow H\textrm{ is measure preserving}.

Primitivity and free factorness imply measure preservation; the conjecture asserts the converse for words and finitely generated subgroups. The source attributes this converse to several authors, but no resolution is supplied here.

References

Primary source

Doron Puder, “Primitive Words, Free Factors and Measure Preservation”, arXiv:1104.3991 (2012).

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