The limiting-distribution conjecture for totient multiplicities

From papers

Let ϕ\phi be Euler's totient function. For x1x\geqslant 1, let V(x)V(x) be the number of totients at most xx, and for an integer k1k\geqslant 1, let Vk(x)V_k(x) be the number of totients at most xx having exactly kk preimages under ϕ\phi. Limiting-distribution conjecture. For every integer k2k\geqslant 2, there exists a constant CkC_k such that

limxVk(x)V(x)=Ck.\lim_{x\to\infty}\frac{V_k(x)}{V(x)}=C_k.

The preceding theorem proves only that whenever multiplicity kk is possible, Vk(x)V_k(x) is a positive proportion of V(x)V(x) up to a factor depending on a witnessing totient. The existence of the individual limiting proportions CkC_k remains conjectural; numerical data in the source suggests a possible order of magnitude Ck1/k2C_k\asymp 1/k^2.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Kevin Ford, “The distribution of totients”, arXiv:1104.3264 (2013).

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