Rational-Weierstrass genus-2 Jacobian prime-order conjecture

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For a prime p>2p>2, let P1(p)P_1(p) be the probability that a uniformly randomly chosen integer in the Hasse–Weil interval [(p−1)4,(p+1)4][(\sqrt p-1)^4,(\sqrt p+1)^4] is prime, and let P2(p)P_2(p) be the probability that a genus-22 curve with a rational Weierstrass point, obtained by choosing ff uniformly from the monic square-free degree-55 polynomials over Fp\mathbb{F}_p, has a Jacobian with a prime number of rational points. Let cpc_p be the constant in the genus-22 Jacobian prime-order conjecture. Rational-Weierstrass prime-order conjecture. Then

lim⁡p→∞(P2(p)/P1(p)−919cp)=0.\lim_{p\to\infty}\left(P_2(p)/P_1(p)-\frac{9}{19}c_p\right)=0.

The factor 9/199/19 reflects the increased probability of rational 22-torsion, making prime orders substantially less likely; the claim is heuristic and remains unproved.

References

Primary source

Wouter Castryck, Amanda Folsom, Hendrik Hubrechts and Andrew V. Sutherland, “The probability that the number of points on the Jacobian of a genus 2 curve is prime”, arXiv:1101.4792 (2011).

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