Rational-Weierstrass genus-2 Jacobian prime-order conjecture

For a prime p>2p>2, let P1(p)P_1(p) be the probability that a uniformly randomly chosen integer in the Hasse–Weil interval [(p1)4,(p+1)4][(\sqrt p-1)^4,(\sqrt p+1)^4] is prime, and let P2(p)P_2(p) be the probability that a genus-22 curve with a rational Weierstrass point, obtained by choosing ff uniformly from the monic square-free degree-55 polynomials over Fp\mathbb{F}_p, has a Jacobian with a prime number of rational points. Let cpc_p be the constant in the genus-22 Jacobian prime-order conjecture. Rational-Weierstrass prime-order conjecture. Then

limp(P2(p)/P1(p)919cp)=0.\lim_{p\to\infty}\left(P_2(p)/P_1(p)-\frac{9}{19}c_p\right)=0.

The factor 9/199/19 reflects the increased probability of rational 22-torsion, making prime orders substantially less likely; the claim is heuristic and remains unproved.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Wouter Castryck, Amanda Folsom, Hendrik Hubrechts and Andrew V. Sutherland, “The probability that the number of points on the Jacobian of a genus 2 curve is prime”, arXiv:1101.4792 (2011).

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