Borcea's univalence conjecture for polynomial critical points

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Let FF be an nnth-degree polynomial with F(0)=0F(0)=0, let F′F' be its derivative, and let σp(F)\sigma_p(F) denote the pp-variance of the zeros of FF. A polynomial is univalent in a disk if it is one-to-one there.

Borcea's univalence conjecture. For p≥1p\geq1, FF is not univalent in any closed disk centered at zero whose radius is larger than

σp(F)sin⁡(πn).\sigma_p(F)\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{n}\right).

This is motivated by the Alexander–Kakeya theorem, whose extremal polynomials are of the form a(z−c)n−ba(z-c)^n-b. The source presents the proposed strengthening as a conjecture and gives no resolution.

References

Primary source

Dmitry Khavinson, Rajesh Pereira, Mihai Putinar, Edward B. Saff and Serguei Shimorin, “Borcea's variance conjectures on the critical points of polynomials”, arXiv:1010.5167 (2011).

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