Guo–Zeng's mixed ballot-number congruences

Let An,kA_{n,k} be the ballot numbers

An,k=(2nnk)(2nnk1).A_{n,k}={2n\choose n-k}-{2n\choose n-k-1}.

For rNr\in\mathbb{N}, s,tZ+s,t\in\mathbb{Z}^+ with r+s+t1(mod2)r+s+t\equiv1\pmod2, nZ+n\in\mathbb{Z}^+, and ε=±1\varepsilon=\pm1, Guo–Zeng's adjacent-index congruence conjecture. The congruences

k=0n1εk(2k+1)rAn+1,ksAn,kt0(mod12n+1(2n+1n))\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\varepsilon^k(2k+1)^rA_{n+1,k}^sA_{n,k}^t\equiv0\pmod{\frac{1}{2n+1}{2n+1\choose n}}

and

k=0nεk(2k+1)rA2n,ksAn,kt0(mod14n+1(4n+1n))\sum_{k=0}^{n}\varepsilon^k(2k+1)^rA_{2n,k}^sA_{n,k}^t\equiv0\pmod{\frac{1}{4n+1}{4n+1\choose n}}

should hold for all such parameters, without the auxiliary gcd hypotheses appearing in the proved corollaries. The conjecture also includes the special case s=t=1s=t=1.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Victor J. W. Guo and Jiang Zeng, “Factors of sums and alternating sums involving binomial coefficients and powers of integers”, arXiv:1008.3316 (2011).

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