The kissing-prime counting conjecture for Apollonian circle packings

Let PP be an Apollonian circle packing. For x>0x>0, let NP(x)N_P(x) be the number of circles in PP with curvature less than xx. Let ψP(2)(x)\psi_P^{(2)}(x) be the weighted sum over unordered pairs (C,C)(C,C') of tangent circles in PP having prime curvature, with both curvatures less than xx:

ψP(2)(x)=(C,C)S\a(C),a(C)<xlog(a(C))log(a(C)),\psi_P^{(2)}(x)=\sum_{\substack{(C,C')\in S\a(C),a(C')<x}}\log(a(C))\log(a(C')),

where SS is the set of such pairs. Let χ4\chi_4 be the character modulo 44 with χ4(p)=1\chi_4(p)=1 for p1(mod4)p\equiv1\pmod4 and χ4(p)=1\chi_4(p)=-1 for p3(mod4)p\equiv3\pmod4.

Kissing-prime counting conjecture. As xx\to\infty,

ψP(2)(x)cL2(2,χ4)NP(x),\psi_P^{(2)}(x)\sim c\,L^2(2,\chi_4)\,N_P(x),

where

c=2p3(4)(12p(p1)2)=1.646.c=2\prod_{p\equiv3\,(4)}\left(1-\frac{2}{p(p-1)^2}\right)=1.646\dots.

The conjecture concerns the asymptotic number of tangent pairs of prime-curvature circles, or kissing primes. The paper presents a heuristic based on treating the Möbius function as random and reports computational support, but no proof or resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Elena Fuchs and Katherine Sanden, “Some experiments with integral Apollonian circle packings”, arXiv:1001.1406 (2010).

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