The kissing-prime counting conjecture for Apollonian circle packings

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Let PP be an Apollonian circle packing. For x>0x>0, let NP(x)N_P(x) be the number of circles in PP with curvature less than xx. Let ψP(2)(x)\psi_P^{(2)}(x) be the weighted sum over unordered pairs (C,C′)(C,C') of tangent circles in PP having prime curvature, with both curvatures less than xx:

ψP(2)(x)=∑(C,C′)∈S\a(C),a(C′)<xlog⁡(a(C))log⁡(a(C′)),\psi_P^{(2)}(x)=\sum_{\substack{(C,C')\in S\a(C),a(C')<x}}\log(a(C))\log(a(C')),

where SS is the set of such pairs. Let χ4\chi_4 be the character modulo 44 with χ4(p)=1\chi_4(p)=1 for p≡1(mod4)p\equiv1\pmod4 and χ4(p)=−1\chi_4(p)=-1 for p≡3(mod4)p\equiv3\pmod4.

Kissing-prime counting conjecture. As x→∞x\to\infty,

ψP(2)(x)∼c L2(2,χ4) NP(x),\psi_P^{(2)}(x)\sim c\,L^2(2,\chi_4)\,N_P(x),

where

c=2∏p≡3 (4)(1−2p(p−1)2)=1.646… .c=2\prod_{p\equiv3\,(4)}\left(1-\frac{2}{p(p-1)^2}\right)=1.646\dots.

The conjecture concerns the asymptotic number of tangent pairs of prime-curvature circles, or kissing primes. The paper presents a heuristic based on treating the Möbius function as random and reports computational support, but no proof or resolution.

References

Primary source

Elena Fuchs and Katherine Sanden, “Some experiments with integral Apollonian circle packings”, arXiv:1001.1406 (2010).

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