Milnor's conjecture on rational-angle Lobachevsky relations

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For an angle θ\theta, let L⁡(θ)\operatorname{L}(\theta) denote the Lobachevsky function. Consider angles θ\theta that are rational multiples of π\pi, and rational coefficients q1,…,qnq_1,\ldots,q_n. Milnor's conjecture. Every Q\mathbb{Q}-linear relation

q1L⁡(θ1)+⋯+qnL⁡(θn)=0q_1\operatorname{L}(\theta_1)+\cdots+q_n\operatorname{L}(\theta_n)=0

is a consequence of

L⁡(π+θ)=L⁡(θ),L⁡(−θ)=−L⁡(θ),\operatorname{L}(\pi+\theta)=\operatorname{L}(\theta),\qquad \operatorname{L}(-\theta)=-\operatorname{L}(\theta),

and

L⁡(nθ)=n∑k ⁣ ⁣ ⁣ ⁣mod  nL⁡(θ+kπ/n).\operatorname{L}(n\theta)=n\sum_{k\!\!\!\!\mod n}\operatorname{L}(\theta+k\pi/n).

This conjecture concerns the linear relations underlying hyperbolic volume and scissors congruence. The source attributes it to Milnor and relates it to the sufficiency of the Dehn invariant conjecture for H3\mathbb{H}^3; no resolution is given.

References

Primary source

David Gabai, Robert Meyerhoff and Peter Milley, “Mom technology and hyperbolic 3-manifolds”, arXiv:0910.5043 (2009).

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