Generalized moonshine conjecture for the monster

Let M\mathbb{M} be the monster, let g,hMg,h\in\mathbb{M} be commuting elements, and let H\mathfrak{H} denote the upper half-plane. A generalized character is a function ZZ associating a holomorphic function on H\mathfrak{H} to each commuting pair (g,h)(g,h). Generalized moonshine conjecture. There exists a generalized character ZZ satisfying the following conditions: (1) Z(g,h,τ)Z(g,h,\tau) is invariant under simultaneous conjugation of gg and hh; (2) for any (a bc d)SL2(Z)\binom{a\ b}{c\ d}\in SL_2(\mathbb{Z}), Z(gahc,gbhd,τ)=γZ(g,h,(aτ+b)/(cτ+d))Z(g^ah^c,g^bh^d,\tau)=\gamma Z(g,h,(a\tau+b)/(c\tau+d)) for some constant γ\gamma depending on the matrix; (3) for fixed gg, the coefficients of the qq-expansion of Z(g,h,τ)Z(g,h,\tau) form characters of a graded representation of a central extension of CM(g)C_{\mathbb{M}}(g); (4) Z(g,h,τ)Z(g,h,\tau) is either constant or a genus-zero function; and (5) Z(g,h,τ)=J(τ)Z(g,h,\tau)=J(\tau) for all τH\tau\in\mathfrak{H} if and only if g=h=1g=h=1. This conjecture extends monstrous moonshine from the identity-twisted setting to commuting pairs in the monster. It remains open, although Borcherds's proof of the original moonshine conjecture establishes the genus-zero assertion for Z(1,h,τ)Z(1,h,\tau), and other special cases have been resolved.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Scott Carnahan, “Generalized moonshine II: Borcherds products”, arXiv:0908.4223 (2014).

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