The general Clausen identity for a bivariate hypergeometric function

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Let aa, bb, and cc be general complex parameters, and let 2F⁡1{}_{2}\operatorname{F}_{1} and F1:1;12:1;1F^{2:1;1}_{1:1;1} denote the hypergeometric functions appearing below. Generalized Clausen identity. The following identity should hold:

Γ(12)Γ(a+b+12)Γ(1−c) Γ(1+a+b−c)Γ(a+12)Γ(b+12)Γ(1+a−c) Γ(1+b−c) 2F⁡1(a, bc∣z)2=F1:1;12:1;1(2a; 2b; c−12, a+b−c+12a+b+12; 2c−1, 2a+2b−2c+1∣z,1−z).\frac{\Gamma\left(\frac12\right)\Gamma\left(a+b+\frac12\right)\Gamma(1-c)\,\Gamma(1+a+b-c)}{\Gamma\left(a+\frac12\right)\Gamma\left(b+\frac12\right)\Gamma(1+a-c)\,\Gamma(1+b-c)}\,{}_{2}\operatorname{F}_{1}\left(\left.{a,\,b\atop c}\right|z\right)^2= F^{2:1;1}_{1:1;1}\left(\left.{2a;\,2b;\,c-\frac12,\,a+b-c+\frac12\atop a+b+\frac12;\,2c-1,\,2a+2b-2c+1}\right|z,1-z\right).

This is proposed as a two-variable generalization of Clausen's identity, relating the square of a Gauss hypergeometric function to a bivariate hypergeometric series. The source provides heuristic support from symmetric-square differential equations and special terminating cases, but does not establish the identity for general parameters.

References

Primary source

Raimundas Vidunas, “A generalization of Clausen's identity”, arXiv:0906.1862 (2009).

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