Aizenman's conformal invariance and Cardy formula conjecture for critical planar percolation

Let Ω\Omega be a simply connected open domain in the plane, and let A,B,C,DA,B,C,D be four boundary points of Ω\Omega in clockwise order. For critical percolation on the 1/n1/n-scaled hexagonal lattice, let P(Ω,A,B,C,D,n){\rm P}(\Omega,A,B,C,D,n) be the probability of a white crossing in Ω\Omega from the boundary arc between AA and BB to the boundary arc between CC and DD. Aizenman's conformal invariance and Cardy formula conjecture. For all such Ω,A,B,C,D\Omega,A,B,C,D, the limit

P(Ω,A,B,C,D,):=limnP(Ω,A,B,C,D,n){\rm P}(\Omega,A,B,C,D,\infty):=\lim_{n\to\infty}{\rm P}(\Omega,A,B,C,D,n)

exists and is conformally invariant: if ff is conformal, then

P(Ω,A,B,C,D,)=P(f(Ω),f(A),f(B),f(C),f(D),).{\rm P}(\Omega,A,B,C,D,\infty)={\rm P}(f(\Omega),f(A),f(B),f(C),f(D),\infty).

Moreover, when Ω\Omega is a rectangle and A,B,C,DA,B,C,D are its four corner points, this limit is given by an explicit formula called Cardy's formula. Since every such marked domain can be conformally mapped to a unique rectangle with the marked points sent to its corners, this determines the limit in general. This conjecture combines the conformal invariance conjecture attributed to Michael Aizenman with Cardy's conjecture. The scaling limit of critical planar percolation is a central problem linking discrete crossing probabilities with conformal geometry; the source does not state a resolution status for these claims.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Jeffrey E. Steif, “A survey on dynamical percolation”, arXiv:0901.4760 (2009).

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