Polygonal generalization of the equilateral-triangle eigenvalue inequalities

Let P(n)P(n) denote a polygon with nn sides and let R(n)R(n) denote a regular polygon with nn sides. Write AA for area, RR for inradius, and λ1<λ2\lambda_1<\lambda_2 for the first two Dirichlet eigenvalues of the Laplacian. Polygonal eigenvalue conjecture. The following inequalities should hold:

λ1AP(n)λ1AR(n),\lambda_1 A\big|_{P(n)}\geq \lambda_1 A\big|_{R(n)}, λ1R2P(n)λ1R2R(n),\lambda_1R^2\big|_{P(n)}\leq\lambda_1R^2\big|_{R(n)}, (λ2λ1)R2P(n)(λ2λ1)R2R(n),(\lambda_2-\lambda_1)R^2\big|_{P(n)}\leq(\lambda_2-\lambda_1)R^2\big|_{R(n)}, λ2λ1P(n)λ2λ1R(n).\left.\frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_1}\right|_{P(n)}\leq\left.\frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_1}\right|_{R(n)}.

This proposes a common generalization of the corresponding inequalities for the equilateral triangle, including the first-eigenvalue, spectral-gap, and eigenvalue-ratio bounds. The source does not state a resolution of the general polygonal claim; the eigenvalue-ratio inequality had only been proved there under an acuteness assumption for triangles, and the authors believed it should hold for all triangles.

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Primary source

Bartłomiej Siudeja, “Isoperimetric inequalities for eigenvalues of triangles”, arXiv:0707.3631 (2008).

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