Piltz divisor problem

For an integer k2k\geq 2 and a positive integer nn, let

dk(n)=#{(n1,,nk)Z1k  :  n1n2nk=n},d_{k}(n)=\#\{(n_{1},\dots ,n_{k})\in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 1}^{k}\;:\;n_{1}n_{2}\cdots n_{k}=n\},

so that d2(n)=d(n)=σ0(n)d_{2}(n)=d(n)=\sigma_{0}(n) is the number of divisors of nn, and for real x1x\geq 1 put

Dk(x)=nxdk(n).D_{k}(x)=\sum _{n\leq x}d_{k}(n).

For Re(s)>1\operatorname{Re}(s)>1 one has n1dk(n)ns=ζ(s)k\sum _{n\geq 1}d_{k}(n)n^{-s}=\zeta(s)^{k}, where ζ\zeta is the Riemann zeta function, and for c>1c>1,

Dk(x)=12πicic+iζk(w)xwwdw.D_{k}(x)={\frac {1}{2\pi i}}\int _{c-i\infty }^{c+i\infty }\zeta ^{k}(w){\frac {x^{w}}{w}}\,dw .

Let PkP_{k} be the polynomial of degree k1k-1 with real coefficients determined by

xPk(logx)=Resw=1  ζk(w)xww,xP_{k}(\log x)=\operatorname*{Res}_{w=1}\;\zeta ^{k}(w){\frac {x^{w}}{w}},

equivalently the unique polynomial of degree k1k-1 for which Dk(x)xPk(logx)=o(x)D_{k}(x)-xP_{k}(\log x)=o(x) as xx\to \infty, and define the error term

Δk(x)=Dk(x)xPk(logx).\Delta _{k}(x)=D_{k}(x)-xP_{k}(\log x).

For k=2k=2 this reads D2(x)=xlogx+(2γ1)x+Δ2(x)D_{2}(x)=x\log x+(2\gamma -1)x+\Delta _{2}(x), with γ\gamma the Euler–Mascheroni constant.

Define

αk=inf{θ0  :  Δk(x)=O(xθ) as x},\alpha _{k}=\inf \{\theta \geq 0\;:\;\Delta _{k}(x)=O(x^{\theta })\ \text{as }x\to \infty \},

so that αk\alpha _{k} is the smallest number for which Δk(x)=O ⁣(xαk+ε)\Delta _{k}(x)=O\!\left(x^{\alpha _{k}+\varepsilon }\right) holds for every ε>0\varepsilon >0.

Determine the exact value of αk\alpha _{k} for every integer k2k\geq 2.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Wikipedia

Additional references

  1. Wikipedia, Divisor summatory function, the article this problem comes from.

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