For an integer k≥2 and a positive integer n, let
dk(n)=#{(n1,…,nk)∈Z≥1k:n1n2⋯nk=n},
so that d2(n)=d(n)=σ0(n) is the number of divisors of n, and for
real x≥1 put
Dk(x)=n≤x∑dk(n).
For Re(s)>1 one has ∑n≥1dk(n)n−s=ζ(s)k, where ζ is the Riemann zeta function, and
for c>1,
Dk(x)=2πi1∫c−i∞c+i∞ζk(w)wxwdw.
Let Pk be the polynomial of degree k−1 with real coefficients determined
by
xPk(logx)=w=1Resζk(w)wxw,
equivalently the unique polynomial of degree
k−1 for which Dk(x)−xPk(logx)=o(x) as x→∞, and define the
error term
Δk(x)=Dk(x)−xPk(logx).
For k=2 this reads D2(x)=xlogx+(2γ−1)x+Δ2(x), with γ the Euler–Mascheroni constant.
Define
αk=inf{θ≥0:Δk(x)=O(xθ) as x→∞},
so that αk is the smallest number for which
Δk(x)=O(xαk+ε) holds for every
ε>0.
Determine the exact value of αk for every integer k≥2.