Generalized Riemann hypothesis for Selberg class

For a complex variable ss, let

F(s)=n=1annsF(s)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{a_{n}}{n^{s}}

be a Dirichlet series with a1=1a_{1}=1 that converges absolutely for Re(s)>1\operatorname{Re}(s)>1, and say that FF belongs to the Selberg class S\mathcal{S} when the following hold.

  1. (Analytic continuation) There is an integer m0m\ge 0 such that (s1)mF(s)(s-1)^{m}F(s) extends to an entire function of finite order; equivalently, FF continues meromorphically to C\mathbb{C} with at most a pole at s=1s=1.

  2. (Ramanujan bound) For every ε>0\varepsilon>0, anεnεa_{n}\ll_{\varepsilon}n^{\varepsilon}.

  3. (Functional equation) There exist Q>0Q>0, an integer k0k\ge 0, and numbers ωi>0\omega_{i}>0, μiC\mu_{i}\in\mathbb{C} with Re(μi)0\operatorname{Re}(\mu_{i})\ge 0 (1ik)(1\le i\le k), and ϵC\epsilon\in\mathbb{C} with ϵ=1|\epsilon|=1, such that with

γ(s)=Qsi=1kΓ(ωis+μi),Φ(s)=γ(s)F(s),\gamma(s)=Q^{s}\prod_{i=1}^{k}\Gamma(\omega_{i}s+\mu_{i}),\qquad \Phi(s)=\gamma(s)F(s),

one has

Φ(s)=ϵΦ(1sˉ)for all sC.\Phi(s)=\epsilon\,\overline{\Phi(1-\bar{s})}\qquad\text{for all }s\in\mathbb{C}.
  1. (Euler product) F(s)0F(s)\neq 0 for Re(s)>1\operatorname{Re}(s)>1 and
logF(s)=n=1bnns(Re(s)>1),\log F(s)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{b_{n}}{n^{s}}\qquad(\operatorname{Re}(s)>1),

where bn=0b_{n}=0 unless n=pνn=p^{\nu} is a prime power, and bnnθb_{n}\ll n^{\theta} for some θ<12\theta<\tfrac{1}{2}.

Then for every FSF\in\mathcal{S} and every sCs\in\mathbb{C},

F(s)=0  and  0<Re(s)<1Re(s)=12.F(s)=0\ \text{ and }\ 0<\operatorname{Re}(s)<1\quad\Longrightarrow\quad \operatorname{Re}(s)=\tfrac{1}{2}.

The zeros of FF outside the strip 0Re(s)10\le\operatorname{Re}(s)\le 1, which occur only at the poles s=(μi+n)/ωis=-(\mu_{i}+n)/\omega_{i}, nZ0n\in\mathbb{Z}_{\ge 0}, of the factors of γ\gamma, are excluded from the assertion.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Wikipedia

Additional references

  1. H. Davenport, Multiplicative Number Theory, 3rd ed., Springer (2000).
  2. G. L. Miller, "Riemann's hypothesis and tests for primality," Journal of Computer and System Sciences 13 (1976), 300-317.
  3. C. Hooley, "On Artin's conjecture," Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik 225 (1967), 209-220.
  4. H. Iwaniec and E. Kowalski, Analytic Number Theory, AMS Colloquium Publications 53 (2004).
  5. Wikipedia, Generalized Riemann hypothesis, the article this problem comes from.

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